G’day Noel et al.; Before I try to answer that, let’s have a go at a general (rather loose) definition of an acid. But I don’t want to get into complications (there’s many) as I don’t want to confuse or “blind you with science!”
An acid is a substance which has an easily replaceable hydrogen atom; HCl; HNO3; H2SO4. It turns certain vegetable colourings like litmus from blue to red. It has a pH below 7.0 (don’t worry about the exact meaning of that; it can get very abstruse and confusing) It has a sour taste. It combines vigorously with alkalies and bases.
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Alkalis have an easily replaceable hydroxyl group; NaOH, KOH etc. Turn litmus from red to blue, have a pH higher than 7.0, combine with acids to form a salt. Many salts are neutral, but some are acidic; others are alkaline. Sodium bisulphate does have a poorly attached hydrogen atom, so it has an acid reaction. Some salts like sodium carbonate have an alkaline reaction because carbonic acid is one of the weakest, and a hydroxyl group becomes available when dissolved in water.
Ferric nitrate and ferric chloride are both salts within the meaning of the definition; they are the result of a combination of an acid and an alkali. But in both of these there is a weakly held hydrogen atom, and this makes them acidic; they have a pH lower than 7, turn litmus red, taste acid and combine with alkalis and bases. (metals are basic; neither acid nor alkaline. Their oxides are another story and things get complicated)
From what I have said above, it follows that spilt acids and liquids of of dubious origin should be neutralised with a mild alkali, such as sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.
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When I was responsible for the technical operation of chemical laboratories, I insisted that close to every bench a large wide mouth 3 kilo jar of sodium bicarbonate must be always available, to simply tip the contents over any acid spill. The resultant heap can later be disposed of by sweeping up with a dustpan and brush. This was used for smashed 3 litre bottles of concentrated acids. It is the only safe method of clearing up the mess, which can safely be disposed of in the usual way. For spent jewellers-pickle, neutralise it with bicarbonate, mix with sawdust or sand, allow to dry, wrap in newspaper and have it taken to the usual trash tip.
Sodium bicarbonate is very cheap (I used to purchase it by the hundred weight sack) and is available at any supermarket. “Baking Powder” is not the same and is not suitable.
Finally, make it an unbreakable rule that all chemicals of any kind (including table salt and sugar) are clearly labelled, and the label kept up to date and easily readable. Poisons must be out of reach of children and clearly labelled. Keep to the rule:- ’ if it is unlabelled, it MUST be thrown out’ Thinking you know what it is isn’t good enough. – Cheers for now, John Burgess; @John_Burgess2 of Mapua, Nelson NZ
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