How are dental X-rays done?
Before taking dental X-rays, a technician will place a lead apron over your chest and may wrap a thyroid collar around your neck. This helps protect you from excess radiation.
When it’s time to take the X-rays, you’ll either sit in a chair or stand in front of an X-ray machine. A technician will place the film or sensor, and then press a button to take the X-ray image. It’s important to hold as still as possible during this process.
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What are the different types of dental X-rays?
There are two main types of dental X-rays:
- Intraoral: The film or sensor is inside your mouth.
- Extraoral: The film or sensor is outside your mouth.
Intraoral X-rays
There are different types of intraoral X-rays:
- Bitewing X-rays.
- Periapical X-rays.
- Occlusal X-rays.
Bitewing X-rays
Bitewings show the upper and lower teeth in one area of your mouth. These dental X-rays help your dentist detect decay between your teeth or any changes that occur just below your gum line.
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Bitewing X-rays don’t usually show the roots of your teeth.
Periapical X-rays
A periapical X-ray shows your entire tooth, from the crown to the root tip. This type of X-ray helps your dentist detect decay, gum disease, bone loss and any other abnormalities of your tooth or surrounding bone.
Occlusal X-rays
Occlusal X-rays help your dentist detect any issues in the floor or roof of your mouth. These images are helpful when diagnosing fractured or impacted teeth or evaluating the roots of your front teeth. Occlusal images can also help identify cysts, abscesses and jaw fractures. Pediatric dentists may use occlusal X-rays to evaluate developing teeth.
Extraoral X-rays
There are several types of extraoral X-rays:
- Panoramic X-rays.
- Cephalometric X-rays.
- Cone beam CT scan.
Panoramic X-rays
A panoramic dental X-ray shows all of the structures in your mouth on a single image, including your upper and lower teeth, jaw joints, nerves, sinuses and supporting bone.
A panoramic X-ray allows your dentist to get an overview of any existing oral health issues.
Cephalometric X-rays
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A cephalometric X-ray shows your entire head from the side. It shows your dentist the location of your teeth in relation to your jaw.
Orthodontists (dentists who specialize in correcting bites) often use cephalometric X-rays to plan treatment.
Cone beam CT scan
Dentists use computed tomography (CT) scans to capture 3D dental X-rays of your teeth, jaws, joints, nerves and sinuses. These X-rays can also detect tumors or facial fractures.
Surgeons often use dental CT scans to check the height, width and location of your jawbone before dental implant placement.
Are dental X-rays safe?
The radiation risk from a dental X-ray is quite small. In fact, the amount of radiation you get from a full set of dental X-rays is comparable to the amount of radiation you absorb from things like:
- TVs, smartphones and computers.
- Building materials like ceramic floor tiles and granite countertops.
- Background radiation from the sun, stars and the Earth itself.
In extremely large doses, however, dental X-rays can be harmful and may even increase your cancer risk. That’s why you shouldn’t have X-rays more often than necessary. Your healthcare provider can help you weigh the risks vs. benefits of dental X-rays.
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