Understanding Swollen, Tender Lymph Nodes

What Are Lymph Nodes?

Lymph nodes are tiny, bean-shaped structures that are located in different parts of the body. They range from a few millimeters to a few centimeters and are often found in clusters. Lymph nodes are usually found near major blood vessels and organs such as the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen. There are around 600 of them, many of which you’ll never feel.

The structure of lymph nodes consists of an outer capsule composed of connective tissue, which contains lymph fluid. Inside the capsule are trabeculae, or thin fibers that divide the node into compartments. The inner part of the node is divided into the cortex and the medulla.

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The cortex contains lymphatic tissue, including white blood cells, while the medulla has fewer cells and more lymphatic sinuses, which help filter the lymph fluid as it passes through.

How Do They Function?

Lymph nodes are critical to the body’s immune system. They act as filters, trapping and destroying harmful substances such as abnormal cells, viruses, and bacteria that travel through the lymph fluid. This helps prevent these substances from entering the bloodstream and causing infection or disease. The lymph nodes work closely with other systems in the body to perform their vital functions:

Immune System

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The immune system is a network of tissues, organs, and cells that is responsible for defending the body against viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Lymph nodes are an essential part of the immune system and work together with other lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and thymus, to help protect the body from infections. The lymph nodes contain immune cells, which help identify and attack foreign substances.

Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout different parts of the body. The lymph nodes also work closely with the cardiovascular system to maintain the body’s fluid balance. The lymphatic vessels, which transport lymph fluid, are connected to the circulatory system and help return excess fluid from the body’s tissues back into the bloodstream.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a collection of glands responsible for producing hormones. It plays a vital role in regulating various bodily functions. Lymph nodes work with the endocrine system by helping to remove excess hormones and waste products from the body. The lymph nodes also play a role in the endocrine system by producing hormones that help regulate immune responses and inflammation. These hormones can affect how quickly and effectively the body responds to infections.

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