What is fat necrosis?
Necrosis is tissue death, usually involving a loss of blood supply. Fat necrosis occurs in your adipose tissue (fat tissue) when it’s been injured in some way. You may have received blunt trauma to the area or maybe it was damaged in surgery. Fat necrosis is a slow, delayed process with several stages.
As adipose tissue cells begin to die, you may notice changes in the texture or appearance of your skin in the area. You may feel a lump or a hard node under your skin, or the area may appear red, thickened or bruised. This is normal and expected, and usually temporary. Your tissue will eventually repair itself.
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Who does fat necrosis affect?
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Fat necrosis can affect anyone who sustains an injury to their fatty tissue.
It most commonly affects:
- People with breasts. Fat necrosis most commonly affects breast tissue, and it’s more likely the more breast tissue you have.
- People who’ve had breast surgery, especially involving fat grafting.
- People who’ve undergone radiation therapy for cancer.
- People over the age of 50.
More rarely, it can also affect:
- People who’ve had severe acute pancreatitis.
- Newborns delivered under traumatic conditions.
Where does fat necrosis occur?
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It can occur in any area of fatty tissue that’s been injured. It most commonly occurs in breast tissue. Breasts are often the largest and most exposed collection of fatty tissue on your body, so they’re easily impacted by trauma, such as by the seatbelt in a car accident. Breasts are also affected when they’re exposed to cancer treatments and procedures, such as biopsy, radiation therapy and surgery.
Fat necrosis can also occur in other fatty areas such as your abdomen, buttocks and thighs as a result of medical or cosmetic procedures. For example, a tummy tuck may injure your abdominal fat tissue. Fat transfer procedures, such as the Brazilian butt lift (BBL), which take fat from one area and move it to another area, may injure the grafted fat along the way, causing necrosis and failure of the grafted tissue.
A severe case of acute pancreatitis can sometimes cause fat necrosis in the fatty tissue surrounding your pancreas. When corrosive pancreatic enzymes leak into your body, they can inflame and irritate the surrounding tissues. Pancreatic fat necrosis usually affects your abdominal region, but occasionally, it can infiltrate the subcutaneous fat layer under your skin and spread throughout your body (panniculitis).
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