Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)

The hypodermis has many functions, including:

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Connection: The hypodermis connects your dermis layer to your muscles and bones.
Insulation: The hypodermis insulates your body to protect you from the cold.
Protecting your body: The hypodermis allows your skin to move smoothly over the tissues and muscles underneath it. Without the hypodermis, your skin would rub against those tissues and muscles. It also acts as a shock absorber to protect your organs, muscles and bones from harm.
Storing energy: The hypodermis produces fat cells (adipocytes), which store energy.

The hypodermis layer includes:

Adipose tissue: Adipose tissue is a fatty tissue that consists mostly of adipocytes.
Blood vessels: Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries and veins. They circulate blood throughout your body, help deliver oxygen to vital organs and remove waste products.
Bursa: A bursa is a small, slippery, fluid-filled sac in your body. Bursae (plural form of bursa) act as a cushion and lubricant. They protect bones from rubbing or sliding against tendons, muscles or skin.
Connective tissue: The proteins collagen and elastin make up the connective tissues in your body. They connect all of the structures in your body and provides a support structure for other components of the hypodermis.
Fibroblasts: Fibroblasts are a type of cell in your connective tissue. They release collagen, which helps make up your connective tissue.
Lymphatic vessels: Lymphatic vessels are the network of capillaries (microvessels) and a large network of tubes located throughout your body that transport waste products (lymph) away from tissues.
Macrophages: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell. They attack and destroy microbes.
Nerves: Nerves send electrical signals to and from other cells, glands and muscles all over your body. They receive information from the world around you and then interpret the information and control your response.