General Surgery Coding Alert

For hyperplastic polyps, you’ll choose from subcategory D12.x with the fourth character (0 to 6) specifying the location. You also have K63.5 (Polyp of colon) as a possible code for a polyp of the colon, but keep in mind that this code is less specific.

Inflammatory or pseudopolyps: These often occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis, but are also found in otherwise normal colon exams, says Glenn D. Littenberg, MD, MACP, FASGE, AGAF, a gastroenterologist and former CPT® Editorial Panel member in Pasadena, California. In this situation, report K51.40 (Inflammatory polyps of colon without complications). The code further extends out to K51.4- where the fifth and sixth characters will specify the condition with added complications.

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Step 3: Check Out These Neoplastic Polyp Classifications

Neoplastic polyps have specific classifications as well. They include:

Adenomatous polyps (APs): This type of polyp can be highly susceptible to developing colorectal cancer, but not all adenomas turn malignant. Because of the potential for malignancy, most insurers will reimburse follow-up and surveillance procedures for patients who have adenomatous polyps. Patients with APs are usually designated as having a history of colonic polyps (Z86.010 [Personal history of colonic polyps]).

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Instead of calling it an adenoma, the pathology report may also use one of the three subcategories of adenomatous polyps to describe it. “A tubular adenoma is the most common type of benign but potentially precancerous polyp,” Littenberg says. “A villous adenoma (or villotubular adenoma) of the colon is a more advanced polyp, closer to malignancy with a different glandular structure, and is sometimes a carpet-like polyp. Unlike coding for adenomas, the only ICD-10 code for villous polyps is D37.4 (Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of colon), a subcategory of D37 (Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of oral cavity and digestive organs) describing neoplasm of an uncertain behavior, with the fourth digit (1 to 4) specifying the exact location.”

Combination: Occasionally, a polyp is a reported as a sessile serrated lesion/adenoma, which microscopically has some features of a hyperplastic polyp but has a behavior (cancer potential) of an adenoma, Littenberg notes. “These should be coded using the D12.- series based on location.” It’s also common for patients to have multiple polyps of different morphologies, such as hyperplastic polyps and APs in different locations. If the polyps have different diagnoses, you can report one for each type of polyp.

Adenocarcinomas: When an adenomatous polyp becomes cancerous, it is called an adenocarcinoma and is malignant. Sometimes a neoplastic polyp will contain an area of adenocarcinoma. In these reports, the designation may be “high grade dysplasia” (or older term, “carcinoma in situ”). In this situation, you’d report D01.1 (Carcinoma in situ of rectosigmoid junction) or D01.0 (Carcinoma in situ of colon), depending on the location.

If the cancer has spread beyond the polyp itself, you’ll turn to the appropriate colon cancer code from the category C18 (Malignant neoplasm of colon).

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