What is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)?
Papillary thyroid cancer begins in the follicular cells in your thyroid that produce thyroglobulin (a protein). It’s the most common type of thyroid cancer.
Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck under your skin. It’s a part of your endocrine system and controls many of your body’s important functions by producing and releasing (secreting) certain hormones.
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PTC tends to grow very slowly and usually develops in only one lobe of your thyroid gland.
There are several subtypes of papillary thyroid cancers. Of these, the follicular subtype (also called mixed papillary-follicular variant) is the most common. Other subtypes of papillary cancer aren’t as common and tend to grow and spread more quickly. They include:
- Columnar.
- Tall cell.
- Insular.
- Diffuse sclerosis.
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Papillary thyroid cancer is also called papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Who does papillary thyroid cancer affect?
Papillary thyroid cancer can affect anyone, but it most commonly occurs in middle-aged adults. Women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) are more likely to develop PTC than men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB).
Although PTC is rare in children, it’s still the most common pediatric thyroid cancer.
How common is papillary thyroid cancer?
Thyroid cancer is fairly common, and papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type. It accounts for 80% to 85% of all thyroid cancer cases.
Is papillary thyroid cancer serious?
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While all cancer types are serious in that they require medical treatment and have the potential to spread to other parts of your body (metastasize), papillary thyroid cancer has the best overall prognosis of all thyroid cancer types.
PTC can often be treated successfully and is rarely fatal.
Where does papillary thyroid cancer spread first?
Papillary thyroid cancer is most likely to spread (metastasize) to the lymph nodes in your neck first. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures that are part of your body’s lymphatic system and immune system.
How often does papillary thyroid cancer spread?
Even though papillary thyroid cancer grows slowly, PTC often spreads to the lymph nodes in your neck.
About 30% of people have metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (that has spread to other parts of their body) at diagnosis.
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