Nosebleed (Epistaxis)

What is epistaxis?

“Epistaxis” is the medical term for a nosebleed. A nosebleed, meaning a loss of blood from the tissue that lines the inside of your nose, can occur in one or both nostrils. Usually, it only affects one nostril.

Your nose has many tiny blood vessels in it. These vessels help warm and moisten the air you breathe. But they lie close to the inner surface of your nose. When air moves through your nose, it can dry and irritate your blood vessels. This makes them very easy to injure or break, causing a nosebleed.

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Although bothersome, most nosebleeds aren’t serious.

How common is epistaxis?

Epistaxis is common. About 60% of people will have at least one nosebleed in their lifetime. Only about 10% of cases are severe enough to require medical treatment.

Who gets epistaxis?

Anyone can get epistaxis. Most people will have at least one case in their lifetime. However, some people are more likely to have a nosebleed. They include:

• Children between the ages of two and 10: Dry air, colds, allergies and sticking fingers and objects into their noses make children more prone to nosebleeds.
• Adults between the ages of 45 and 80: Blood may take longer to clot in mid-life and in older adults. These adults are also more likely to have high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening of the walls of arteries) or a bleeding disorder.
• Pregnant people: Blood vessels in your nose expand while you’re pregnant, which puts more pressure on the delicate blood vessels in the lining of your nose.
• People taking blood-thinning medications: These drugs include aspirin and warfarin.
• People who have blood clotting disorders: These include hemophilia and von Willebrand disease.

Types of nosebleeds

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There are two main types of nosebleeds. Healthcare providers describe epistaxis by the site of the bleeding.

Anterior nosebleed

An anterior nosebleed starts in the front of your nose on the lower part of the wall that separates the two sides of your nose (septum). Capillaries and small blood vessels in this front area of your nose are fragile and can easily break and bleed. This is the most common type of epistaxis and usually isn’t serious. These nosebleeds are more common in children. You can usually treat these nosebleeds at home.

Posterior nosebleed

A posterior nosebleed occurs deep inside your nose. A bleed in larger blood vessels in the back part of your nose near your throat causes this type. It can result in heavy bleeding, which may flow down the back of your throat. You may need medical attention right away for this type of nosebleed. This type is more common in adults.

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