What is negative pressure wound therapy?
Negative pressure wound therapy is a treatment that pulls fluid and bacteria out of a wound to help it heal better. Some healthcare providers call it vacuum-assisted therapy. It works by creating suction. A provider can use this treatment to heal soft tissue on many different parts of your body.
Less fluid leads to less edema (swelling). Negative pressure wound therapy allows the wound to compress down, making it smaller. It also encourages new healthy tissue to form in a clean, moist environment.
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A provider may use negative pressure wound therapy in the operating room after cleaning a wound and closing it. After that, a provider can visit your hospital room to change the dressings and ensure a tight seal on your wound. If you use this therapy at home, you can visit a clinic for dressing changes.
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Negative pressure wound therapy is a very common treatment providers use for wounds. Millions of people around the world have used it since doctors invented it in the 1990s.
How does negative pressure wound therapy work?
When applying negative pressure wound therapy, a provider will:
- Clean and dry your wound. In an operating room, this includes removing any dead or infected tissue.
- Place a special foam pad on or in the wound and cover it with a film that lets fluid through.
- Make an airtight seal around it with see-through tape.
- Place and secure a suction tube on top.
- Attach the suction tube to a canister to collect the fluid drainage.
- Use a special pump to apply negative pressure.
A provider may also be able to put saline or antibiotics into a wound using negative pressure wound therapy.
What is an example of a negative pressure therapy device?
Negative pressure wound therapy devices have a small pump that creates negative pressure or suction. It may use electric or battery power. A provider can program the device to get the pressure setting they want. An alarm goes off if the battery is low or the suction stops working.
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Providers can use some devices again and again. They use other devices for one person, disposing of the device when they’re done with it. For either type, they use new tubing and bandaging materials for each person.
Why is negative pressure wound therapy done?
Negative pressure wound therapy indications or reasons to use it include:
- You have a complex wound.
- Your wound isn’t healing or is at risk of not healing.
- Your wound is acute (recent), but your provider can’t close it because of risks like infection.
- Your wound reopened.
- Your wound is chronic (long term).
- Your provider wants to reduce fluid buildup and help your wound heal.
What are the uses of negative pressure wound therapy?
Examples of uses for negative pressure wound therapy include:
- Foot ulcers.
- Burns.
- Traumatic injuries.
- Closed surgical incisions.
When should you not use negative pressure wound therapy?
You shouldn’t use negative pressure wound therapy if you have:
- Unprotected, visible organs or blood vessels.
- Cancer.
- Dead tissue.
- Certain abnormal connections between body parts.
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