**NQF-ENDORSED VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR HOSPITAL CARE** Measure Set: Perinatal Care (PC) Set Measure ID: PC-01 Performance Measure Name: Elective Delivery Description: Patients with elective vaginal deliveries or elective cesarean births at >= 37 and < 39 weeks of gestation completed Rationale: For almost 3 decades, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have had in place a standard requiring 39 completed weeks gestation prior to ELECTIVE delivery, either vaginal or operative (ACOG, 1996). A survey conducted in 2007 of almost 20,000 births in HCA hospitals throughout the U.S. carried out in conjunction with the March of Dimes at the request of ACOG revealed that almost 1/3 of all babies delivered in the United States are electively delivered with 5% of all deliveries in the U.S. delivered in a manner violating ACOG/AAP guidelines. Most of these are for convenience, and result in significant short term neonatal morbidity (neonatal intensive care unit admission rates of 13- 21%) (Clark et al., 2009).
According to Glantz (2005), compared to spontaneous labor, elective inductions result in more cesarean births and longer maternal length of stay. Interventions that decrease the chance of a cesarean delivery include avoiding non-medically indicated induction of labor prior to 39 weeks gestation (Quinlan and Murphy, 2015). Repeat elective cesarean births before 39 weeks gestation also result in higher rates of adverse respiratory outcomes, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and hypoglycemia for the newborns (Tita et al., 2009).
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Type Of Measure: Process Improvement Noted As: Decrease in the rate Risk Adjustment: No. Data Collection Approach: Retrospective data sources for required data elements include administrative data and medical records. Data Accuracy: Variation may exist in the assignment of ICD-10 codes; therefore, coding practices may require evaluation to ensure consistency. Measure Analysis Suggestions: In order to identify areas for improvement, hospitals may want to review results based on specific ICD-10 codes or patient populations. Data could be analyzed further to determine specific patterns or trends to help reduce elective deliveries. Sampling: Yes. For additional information see the Sampling Section. Data Reported As: Aggregate rate generated from count data reported as a proportion. Selected References:
- Borders, E.B., Birsner, M.L., Gyanmfi-Bannerbaum, C. (2019). Avoidance of nonmedically indicated early-term deliveries and associated neonatal morbidities. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion, 133:2, e156-163.
- Clark, S., Miller, D., Belfort, M., Dildy, G., Frye, D., & Meyers, J. (2009). Neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with elective delivery. [Electronic Version]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 200:156.e1-156.e4.
- Glantz, J. (Apr.2005). Elective induction vs. spontaneous labor associations and outcomes. [Electronic Version]. J Reprod Med. 50(4):235-40.
- Kilpatrick, S. J., Papile, L.-A., & Macones, G. A. (Eds.). (2017). Guidelines for perinatal care (8th ed.). American Academy of Pediatrics.
- Tita, A., Landon, M., Spong, C., Lai, Y., Leveno, K., Varner, M, et al. (2009). Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes. [Electronic Version]. NEJM. 360:2, 111-120.
- Quinlan, J. D., & Murphy, N. J. (2015). Cesarean delivery: counseling issues and complication management. American family physician, 91(3), 178-184.
Original Performance Measure Source / Developer: Hospital Corporation of America-Women’s and Children’s Clinical Services
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