Varicoceles

What will happen if I choose not to be treated?

Most males with varicocele will not have problems. One out of five males with varicocele will have trouble fathering children. Semen analysis is highly recommended after age 16 years to determine if varicocele repair is needed. If a semen analysis is normal, it is recommended to have a repeat analysis every 2 to 3 years as the quality of sperms may go down with time. Fertility issues may come up years later, even if not seen earlier.

My teenage son was diagnosed with a varicocele. Should this be fixed?

Treatment of teens depends on each case. It is of great value to talk about choices with an adult or pediatric urologist. Varicocele repair in a teen may be a good choice if there is pain, if one testicle is much smaller than the other or the teen has an abnormal semen analysis at age 16 years. Some choose repair so they won’t have to worry about fertility issues in the future. Semen analyses can be done in older teens to see if repair would help.

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I have no symptoms, but wish to have children. Should I have my varicocele repaired?

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As a rule, varicoceles with no symptoms are not repaired. Most doctors do not believe these varicoceles cause health problems if not treated. If there’s worry about fertility, semen analysis can be done to see if the varicocele is harming sperm quality.

I have pain with my varicocele. What can I do to ease the pain?

Supporting the scrotum with a jockstrap or briefs-style underwear can help varicocele pain. Lying on your back helps the varicocele drain and often eases pain. Taking pain killers (such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen) may help. You can also talk with your doctor about varicocele repair.

I am thinking about having my varicocele repaired for fertility reasons. How long will I have to wait to see if my semen quality gets better?

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Semen analyses are often done three to four months after the procedure. Semen quality often gets better within six months, but it may also take as long as a year.

I found a lump on my scrotum during a self-exam. Should I worry?

Abnormalities in the male reproductive tract may show up as a mass in the scrotum. Masses could be nothing to worry about and may have little effect on your health. Or they could be a sign of life-threatening illness. It is of great value to find out what is causing your mass. One type of mass may be testicular cancer. This would be cause for concern and calls for quick action. It’s vital to see a doctor when you find any lump or bump in your testicle.

Updated October 2022.

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