What is normal after vaccination?
Some people may experience side effects, or adverse events, after getting a vaccine. Usually these are mild and go away on their own after 2-3 days.
Babies and infants
After a baby or an infant gets a vaccine, they may experience some mild and temporary side effects:
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- slightly unsettled and cry a little more than usual
- tiredness for a day or two
- mild diarrhoea or a few vomits after the oral Rotarix vaccine which sometimes may last up to a week. You can get more information about Rotarix vaccination here.
- slightly red, itchy or sore legs or arm for a day or two
- a small lump at the injection site. This may last for a few weeks. This usually does not require any treatment.
- feel hot and have a temperature >38 degrees
- a rash after MMR or chicken pox vaccine. This rash is not contagious.
Older children and adults
After an older child or an adult gets a vaccine, they may experience some mild and temporary side effects:
- headache and tiredness for a day or two
- slightly red, itchy or sore arm for a day or two
- a small lump at the injection site. This may last for a few weeks. This usually does not require any treatment.
What you can do to help
Babies and infants
- They may need to be cuddled and comforted more often.
- They may need more frequent breast feeds or drinks throughout the day.
- They can be given a bath as normal.
- If the injection site is red and warm to touch, you can put a cool wet cloth (not an ice pack) on their leg or arm.
- If your baby feels hot, do not wrap them in too many blankets or clothes.
Although routine use of paracetamol or ibuprofen after immunisations is not recommended, if your baby has a fever (temperature over 38 degrees) or is in pain, you can give paracetamol or ibuprofen. Follow the directions on the bottle.
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You can get more information about fever here.
Older children and adults
- If allowed, they can have paracetamol or ibuprofen if their arm is sore. Follow the directions on the packaging.
- If the injection site is red and warm to touch, you can put a cool wet cloth (not an ice pack) on their arm.
- It really helps to keep moving the arm after an immunisation so they can still play sport that day.
- It is ok to have a shower after an immunisation.
- They should keep drinking plenty of oral fluids, preferably water.
When to see a doctor
You or your child need to see a doctor if:
- paracetamol or ibuprofen is not relieving the fever, particularly for babies and infants
- your baby has sudden unusual screaming episodes with vomiting or blood in the bowel motion
- your symptoms are not improving or getting worse.
COVID-19 vaccines
Like other vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines can also cause side effects. Usually these are mild and go away without treatment in 1-2 days. The COVID-19 vaccines currently being used in Australia are Comirnaty (Pfizer), Spikevax (Moderna) and Nuvaxovid (Novavax). The most common side effects for these vaccines include:
- pain at the injection site
- tiredness
- headache
- muscle pain
- chills
- joint pain
- fever.
Sometimes these flu-like side effects can mean that people struggle to carry out their usual activities for a day or so. It is important to adequately rest as needed after a COVID-19 vaccine. For more detailed information about the side effects of each vaccine, refer to:
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After your COVID-19 vaccination – Department of Health and Aged Care
Related pages:
NCIRS COVID-19 vaccines: Frequently asked questions
COVID-19 vaccination program in Australia
Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation
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