Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a condition that progresses with fibrosis in the tunica albuginea (TA) layer of the penis and therefore causes penile pain, curvature, and sexual dysfunction. Despite being frequently seen, its aetiology and pathophysiology are not yet fully understood [1,2]. Factors such as trauma, frequency of sexual intercourse, diabetes mellitus, Dupuytren’s contracture, family history, gout, plantar facial contracture, radical prostatectomy, tympanosclerosis, Paget’s disease, beta-blocker use, advancing age, genetic predisposition, smoking, hypertension, and tissue ischemia may play a role in the aetiology [1,3,4]. The most widely accepted theory involves abnormal collagen and glycosaminoglycan deposition in the TA after inflammation and fibroblast proliferation caused by repetitive microtraumas. Abnormal extracellular matrix production also occurs through increased myofibroblast activity and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases [2]. The prevalence of PD ranges from 3.2% to 8.9%, with patients being typically aged 50-60 years [5].
PD includes two phases, acute (inflammatory) and chronic (stable). The acute inflammatory phase usually lasts 6-18 months and is characterized by painful erections, the formation of a palpable nodule or plaque in the tunica of the penis and penile curvature. When the lesions stabilize, the chronic phase begins and the penile deformity stabilizes, inflammation decreases, pain improves, and erectile dysfunction symptoms develop [2]. Research has reported that the course of the disease remains stable in 47% of patients and resolves spontaneously in 13%. However, the manifestation worsens in 40% of patients, and these require active treatment [6].
Bạn đang xem: The Effect of Curcumin on Penile Fibrotic Plaque in Rats with Experimental Peyronie’s Disease – Grand Journal of Urology
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Despite the many alternative treatments (antifibrotic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant drugs, various vitamins, amino acids, etc.) available in addition to surgical treatment since Francois de la Peyronie’s definition of PD in 1743, no entirely satisfactory therapeutic option has still been discovered [1]. Curcumin is a yellow-orange substance obtained from the roots of the plant turmeric. It has occupied an important place in Asia for thousands of years, especially in Indian medicine, and has been the focus of scientific studies for the last 20 years. Studies have shown that curcumin possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antidiabetic properties. In addition to its antifibrotic property, it has also been reported to exhibit an antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts. Studies have also observed the protective effects of curcumin on pulmonary, cardiac, and renal fibrosis [7]. Considering that PD is associated with diabetes mellitus at a rate of 18-33%, the antidiabetic effect of curcumin suggests that it may be an important substance in terms of the treatment of the disease [4].
In light of this information, curcumin is worthy of note as a potential therapeutic agent capable of use in the treatment of PD. The purpose of this study was aimed to examine the efficacy of curcumin against abnormal fibrous tissue production in the TA using stereological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. We think that the results obtained will be useful for the development of novel medical methods for the reduction or prevention of penile fibromatosis. This is the first experimental study in the literature to investigate the effects of curcumin in an experimental rat PD model.
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