N-ACETYL CYSTEINE (NAC) – Uses, Side Effects, and More

Absolon, M. J. and Brown, C. A. Acetylcysteine in kerato-conjunctivitis sicca. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52(4):310-316. View abstract.

Adabag, A. S., Ishani, A., Koneswaran, S., Johnson, D. J., Kelly, R. F., Ward, H. B., McFalls, E. O., Bloomfield, H. E., and Chandrashekhar, Y. Utility of N-acetylcysteine to prevent acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2008;155(6):1143-1149. View abstract.

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Agarwal, A., Munoz-Najar, U., Klueh, U., Shih, S. C., and Claffey, K. P. N-acetyl-cysteine promotes angiostatin production and vascular collapse in an orthotopic model of breast cancer. Am.J.Pathol. 2004;164(5):1683-1696. View abstract.

Agrawal, M., Wodlinger, A. M., Huggins, C. E., Tudor, G. E., Pieper, J. A., O’Reilly, K. P., Denu-Ciocca, C. J., Stouffer, G. A., and Ohman, E. M. Effect of Nacetylcysteine on serum creatinine concentration in patients with chronic renal insufficiency who are undergoing coronary

Ahola, T., Lapatto, R., Raivio, K. O., Selander, B., Stigson, L., Jonsson, B., Jonsbo, F., Esberg, G., Stovring, S., Kjartansson, S., Stiris, T., Lossius, K., Virkola, K., and Fellman, V. N-acetylcysteine does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in immature infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 2003;143(6):713-719. View abstract.

Akerlund, B., Jarstrand, C., Lindeke, B., Sonnerborg, A., Akerblad, A. C., and Rasool, O. Effect of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) treatment on HIV-1 infection: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol 1996;50(6):457-461. View abstract.

Akerlund, B., Tynell, E., Bratt, G., Bielenstein, M., and Lidman, C. N-acetylcysteine treatment and the risk of toxic reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in primary Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients. J Infect. 1997;35(2):143-147. View abstract.

Al-Ghonaim, M. and Pannu, N. Prevention and treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy. Tech.Vasc.Interv.Radiol. 2006;9(2):42-49. View abstract.

Allaqaband, S., Tumuluri, R., Malik, A. M., Gupta, A., Volkert, P., Shalev, Y., and Bajwa, T. K. Prospective randomized study of N-acetylcysteine, fenoldopam, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Catheter.Cardiovasc.Interv. 2002;57(3):279-283. View abstract.

Alsalim, W. and Fadel, M. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Oral methionine compared with intravenous n-acetyl cysteine for paracetamol overdose. Emerg.Med.J. 2003;20(4):366-367. View abstract.

Amin, A. F., Shaaban, O. M., and Bediawy, M. A. N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of recurrent unexplained pregnancy loss. Reprod.Biomed.Online. 2008;17(5):722-726. View abstract.

Andreana, A., Zampino, R., Tonziello, A., Adinolfi, L. E., Utili, R., and Ruggiero, G. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or ofloxacin (OFLO) as adjunct to INFN failed to achieve response in chronic hepatitis C patients non responding to IFN alone: a phase II study. Hepatology 1997;26:218.

Aylward, M., Maddock, J., and Dewland, P. Clinical evaluation of acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a balanced double-blind trial with placebo control. Eur.J Respir.Dis.Suppl 1980;111:81-89. View abstract.

Ayonrinde, O. T., Phelps, G. J., Hurley, J. C., and Ayonrinde, O. A. Paracetamol overdose and hepatotoxicity at a regional Australian hospital: a 4-year experience. Intern Med J 2005;35(11):655-660. View abstract.

Azmus, A. D., Gottschall, C., Manica, A., Manica, J., Duro, K., Frey, M., Bulcao, L., and Lima, C. Effectiveness of acetylcysteine in prevention of contrast nephropathy. J Invasive.Cardiol. 2005;17(2):80-84. View abstract.

Badawy, A., Baker El, Nashar A., and El, Totongy M. Clomiphene citrate plus N-acetyl cysteine versus clomiphene citrate for augmenting ovulation in the management of unexplained infertility: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Fertil.Steril. 2006;86(3):647-650. View abstract.

Badawy, A., State, O., and Abdelgawad, S. N-Acetyl cysteine and clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-over trial. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand 2007;86(2):218-222. View abstract.

Baker, C. S., Wragg, A., Kumar, S., De, Palma R., Baker, L. R., and Knight, C. J. A rapid protocol for the prevention of contrast-induced renal dysfunction: the RAPPID study. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 6-18-2003;41(12):2114-2118. View abstract.

Baker, C. S., Wragg, A., Kumar, S., De, Palma R., Baker, L. R., and Knight, C. J. A rapid protocol for the prevention of contrast-induced renal dysfunction: the RAPPID study. J Am.Coll.Cardiol. 6-18-2003;41(12):2114-2118. View abstract.

Baker, W. L., Anglade, M. W., Baker, E. L., White, C. M., Kluger, J., and Coleman, C. I. Use of N-acetylcysteine to reduce post-cardiothoracic surgery complications: a meta-analysis. Eur.J Cardiothorac.Surg 2009;35(3):521-527. View abstract.

Bakker, J., Zhang, H., Depierreux, M., van, Asbeck S., and Vincent, J. L. Effects of N-acetylcysteine in endotoxic shock. J Crit Care 1994;9(4):236-243. View abstract.

Ballke, E. H., Wiersbitzky, S., Mahner, B., and Konig, A. The effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (Mucosolvin) on the transmural potential difference of the mucosa in children. Padiatr.Grenzgeb. 1992;31(2):97-101. View abstract.

Banner, W., Jr., Koch, M., Capin, D. M., Hopf, S. B., Chang, S., and Tong, T. G. Experimental chelation therapy in chromium, lead, and boron intoxication with N-acetylcysteine and other compounds. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol 3-30-1986;83(1):142-147. View abstract.

Baran, D. Klinischer Doppelblindversuch mit oralem Acetylcystein und Placebo bei zystischer Fibrose. Therapiewoche 1980;30:2034-2039.

Baranska-Kosakowska, A., Zakliczynski, M., Przybylski, R., and Zembala, M. Role of N-acetylcysteine on renal function in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation undergoing coronary angiography. Transplant.Proc 2007;39(9):2853-2855. View abstract.

Bariffi, F. and Seccia, A. Ricerca controllata doppio-cieca sull’ attivita dell’ acetilcisteina per via orale in campo bronco-pneumologico. Clin.Ter. 1973;66:311-320.

Barr, L. F. and Kolodner, K. N-acetylcysteine and fenoldopam protect the renal function of patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 2008;36(5):1427-1435. View abstract.

Barreto, R. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: the rational use of sodium bicarbonate. Nephrol.Nurs.J 2007;34(4):417-421. View abstract.

Bateman, D. N., Woodhouse, K. W., and Rawlins, M. D. Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine. Hum Toxicol. 1984;3(5):393-398. View abstract.

Bellomo, G., Giudice, S., and Ganci, C. [Comparative study of the efficacy of acetylcysteine in oral and intramuscular administration in acute respiratory diseases in pediatrics]. Minerva Pediatr 5-26-1973;25(19):844-849. View abstract.

Beloqui, O., Prieto, J., Suarez, M., Gil, B., Qian, C. H., Garcia, N., and Civeira, M. P. N-acetyl cysteine enhances the response to interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study. J.Interferon Res. 1993;13(4):279-282. View abstract.

Berk, M., Copolov, D. L., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., and Bush, A. I. N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder-a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 9-15-2008;64(6):468-475. View abstract.

Berk, M., Copolov, D., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., Judd, F., Katz, F., Katz, P., Ording-Jespersen, S., Little, J., Conus, P., Cuenod, M., Do, K. Q., and Bush, A. I. N-acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia-a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 9-1-2008;64(5):361-368. View abstract.

Bernard, G. R., Wheeler, A. P., Arons, M. M., Morris, P. E., Paz, H. L., Russell, J. A., and Wright, P. E. A trial of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group. Chest 1997;112(1):164-172. View abstract.

BERNSTEIN, I. L. and AUSDENMOORE, R. W. IATROGENIC BRONCHOSPASM OCCURRING DURING CLINICAL TRIALS OF A NEW MUCOLYTIC AGENT, ACETYLCYSTEINE. Dis.Chest 1964;46:469-473. View abstract.

Bibi, H., Seifert, B., Oullette, M., and Belik, J. Intratracheal N-acetylcysteine use in infants with chronic lung disease. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81(4):335-339. View abstract.

Bijlmer-Iest, J. C., Baart, de la Faille, van Asbeck, B. S., van, Hattum J., van, Weelden H., Marx, J. J., and Koningsberger, J. C. Protoporphyrin photosensitivity cannot be attenuated by oral N-acetylcysteine. Photodermatol.Photoimmunol.Photomed. 1992;9(6):245-249. View abstract.

Binet, H., Simonart, T., Van Vooren, J. P., Heenen, M., Liesnard, C., Delforge, M. L., Farber, C. M., and Parent, D. Porphyria cutanea tarda in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine. Int.J.Dermatol. 1998;37(9):718-719. View abstract.

Biscatti, G., Bruschelli, M., Damonte, G., and Capozzi, F. [Controlled studies of the clinical effects of acetylcysteine in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics]. Minerva Pediatr 7-28-1972;24(26):1075-1084. View abstract.

Block, K. I., Koch, A. C., Mead, M. N., Tothy, P. K., Newman, R. A., and Gyllenhaal, C. Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Int.J Cancer 9-15-2008;123(6):1227-1239. View abstract.

Boesgaard, S., Aldershvile, J., and Poulsen, H. E. Preventive administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine and development of tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 1992;85(1):143-149. View abstract.

Boman, G., Backer, U., Larsson, S., Melander, B., and Wahlander, L. Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary Diseases. Eur J Respir.Dis 1983;64(6):405-415. View abstract.

Borgstrom, L., Kagedal, B., and Paulsen, O. Pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine in man. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol 1986;31(2):217-222. View abstract.

Bowles, W. H. and Goral, V. Clinical trial of the anti-plaque activity of a mucolytic agent, N-Acetyl Cysteine. Dent.Hyg.(Chic.) 1985;59(10):454-456. View abstract.

Braganza, J. M., Holmes, A. M., Morton, A. R., Stalley, L., Ku, R., and Kisher, R. Acetylcysteine to treat complications of pancreatitis. Lancet 4-19-1986;1(8486):914-915. View abstract.

Braum, D. Randomisierte Vergleichsstudie Sinupret Dragées vs. Fluimucil Granulat bei akuter und chronischer Sinusitis. 1986;

Bridgeman, M. M., Marsden, M., MacNee, W., Flenley, D. C., and Ryle, A. P. Cysteine and glutathione concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Thorax 1991;46(1):39-42. View abstract.

Bridgeman, M. M., Marsden, M., Selby, C., Morrison, D., and MacNee, W. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Thorax 1994;49(7):670-675. View abstract.

Briguori, C., Manganelli, F., Scarpato, P., Elia, P. P., Golia, B., Riviezzo, G., Lepore, S., Librera, M., Villari, B., Colombo, A., and Ricciardelli, B. Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 7-17-2002;40(2):298-303. View abstract.

Brocard, H., Charpin, J., and Germouty, J. [Multicenter, double-blind study of oral acetylcysteine vs. placebo]. Eur.J Respir.Dis.Suppl 1980;111:65-69. View abstract.

Brok, J., Buckley, N., and Gluud, C. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(2):CD003328. View abstract.

Buckley, N. A., Whyte, I. M., O’Connell, D. L., and Dawson, A. H. Activated charcoal reduces the need for N-acetylcysteine treatment after acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(6):753-757. View abstract.

Buckley, N. A., Whyte, I. M., O’Connell, D. L., and Dawson, A. H. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine: which is the treatment of choice for acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning? J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(6):759-767. View abstract.

Burgunder, J. M., Varriale, A., and Lauterburg, B. H. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on plasma cysteine and glutathione following paracetamol administration. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol 1989;36(2):127-131. View abstract.

Burkhart, K. K., Janco, N., Kulig, K. W., and Rumack, B. H. Cimetidine as adjunctive treatment for acetaminophen overdose. Hum Exp.Toxicol. 1995;14(3):299-304. View abstract.

Burns, K. E., Chu, M. W., Novick, R. J., Fox, S. A., Gallo, K., Martin, C. M., Stitt, L. W., Heidenheim, A. P., Myers, M. L., and Moist, L. Perioperative N-acetylcysteine to prevent renal dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing cabg surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 7-20-2005;294(3):342-350. View abstract.

Carbonell, N., Blasco, M., Sanjuan, R., Perez-Sancho, E., Sanchis, J., Insa, L., Bodi, V., Nunez, J., Garcia-Ramon, R., and Miguel, A. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomised trial. Int J Cardiol. 1-31-2007;115(1):57-62. View abstract.

Casola, G. and vanSonnenberg, E. Skin damage from acetylcysteine leak during percutaneous abscess drainage. Radiology 1984;152(1):233. View abstract.

Cato, A., Goldstein, I., and Millman, M. A double-blind parallel study of acetylcysteine-isoproterenol and saline-isoproterenol in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. J Int Med Res 1977;5(3):175-183. View abstract.

Chan, A., Paskavitz, J., Remington, R., Rasmussen, S., and Shea, T. B. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: a 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16-month caregiver extension. Am.J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. 12-20-2008;23(6):571-585. View abstract.

Chan, T. Y. and Critchley, J. A. Adverse reactions to intravenous N-acetylcysteine in Chinese patients with paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. Hum Exp.Toxicol. 1994;13(8):542-544. View abstract.

Charley, G., Dean, B. S., and Krenzelok, E. P. Oral N-acetylcysteine-induced urticaria: a case report. Vet.Hum Toxicol. 1987;29:477.

Charunwatthana, P., Abul, Faiz M., Ruangveerayut, R., Maude, R. J., Rahman, M. R., Roberts, L. J., Moore, K., Bin, Yunus E., Hoque, M. G., Hasan, M. U., Lee, S. J., Pukrittayakamee, S., Newton, P. N., White, N. J., Day, N. P., and Dondorp, A. M. N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment in severe malaria: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Crit Care Med 2009;37(2):516-522. View abstract.

Chen, N., Aleksa, K., Woodland, C., Rieder, M., and Koren, G. Prevention of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity by N-acetylcysteine: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2007;14(2):e246-e250. View abstract.

Chen, P., Bauer, G., Mitchell, J., Factor, R., Markham, R., and Schwartz, D. H. N-acetyl-cysteine and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid enhance contact-dependent growth of HIV in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro and increase recovery of HIV from human-PBMC SCID mice. AIDS 1997;11(1):33-41. View abstract.

Chirkov, Y. Y. and Horowitz, J. D. N-Acetylcysteine potentiates nitroglycerin-induced reversal of platelet aggregation. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 1996;28(3):375-380. View abstract.

Chodosh, S. and Medici, T. C. The bronchial epithelium in chronic bronchitis. I. Exfoliative cytology during stable, acute bacterial infection and recovery phases. Am Rev.Respir.Dis. 1971;104(6):888-898. View abstract.

Chodosh, S., Baigelman, W., Medici, T. C., and Enslein, K. Long-term home use of acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1975;17(4):319-334. View abstract.

Cimino, L., Belisario, M. A., Intrieri, M., D’Ascoli, B., Sacchetti, L., Salvatore, F., and Budillon, G. Effect of N-acetyl-cysteine on lymphomonocyte glutathione and response to interferon treatment in C-virus chronic hepatitis. Ital.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 1998;30(2):189-193. View abstract.

Cotgreave, I. A. and Moldeus, P. Methodologies for the analysis of reduced and oxidized N-acetylcysteine in biological systems. Biopharm.Drug Dispos. 1987;8(4):365-375. View abstract.

Coyle, L. C., Rodriguez, A., Jeschke, R. E., Simon-Lee, A., Abbott, K. C., and Taylor, A. J. Acetylcysteine In Diabetes (AID): a randomized study of acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast nephropathy in diabetics. Am Heart J 2006;151(5):1032-12. View abstract.

D’Agostini, F., Balansky, R. M., Camoirano, A., and De, Flora S. Interactions between N-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid in modulating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 12-1-2000;88(5):702-707. View abstract.

Dal, Negro R., Visconti, M., Trevisan, F., Bertacco, S., Micheletto, C., and Tognella, S. Erdosteine enhances airway response to salbutamol in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. Ther Adv.Respir.Dis. 2008;2(5):271-277. View abstract.

Dano, G. Bronchospasm caused by acetylcysteine in children with bronchial asthma. Acta Allergol. 1971;26(3):181-190. View abstract.

Dawson, A. H., Henry, D. A., and McEwen, J. Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine during treatment for paracetamol poisoning. Med J Aust. 3-20-1989;150(6):329-331. View abstract.

de Gussem, E. M., Snijder, R. J., Disch, F. J., Zanen, P., Westermann, C. J., and Mager, J. J. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on epistaxis and quality of life in patients with HHT: a pilot study. Rhinology 2009;47(1):85-88. View abstract.

De Rosa, S. C., Zaretsky, M. D., Dubs, J. G., Roederer, M., Anderson, M., Green, A., Mitra, D., Watanabe, N., Nakamura, H., Tjioe, I., Deresinski, S. C., Moore, W. A., Ela, S. W., Parks, D., Herzenberg, L. A., and Herzenberg, L. A. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur.J Clin Invest 2000;30(10):915-929. View abstract.

De, Caro L., Ghizzi, A., Costa, R., Longo, A., Ventresca, G. P., and Lodola, E. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral acetylcysteine in healthy volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1989;39(3):382-386. View abstract.

de, Quay B., Malinverni, R., and Lauterburg, B. H. Glutathione depletion in HIV-infected patients: role of cysteine deficiency and effect of oral N-acetylcysteine. AIDS 1992;6(8):815-819. View abstract.

Decramer, M., Rutten-van, Molken M., Dekhuijzen, P. N., Troosters, T., van, Herwaarden C., Pellegrino, R., van Schayck, C. P., Olivieri, D., Del, Donno M., De, Backer W., Lankhorst, I., and Ardia, A. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 4-30-2005;365(9470):1552-1560. View abstract.

Delneste, Y., Jeannin, P., Potier, L., Romero, P., and Bonnefoy, J. Y. N-acetyl-L-cysteine exhibits antitumoral activity by increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent T-cell cytotoxicity. Blood 8-1-1997;90(3):1124-1132. View abstract.

Denton, R., Kwart, H., and Litt, M. N-acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis. Mechanical and chemical factors in treatment by aerosol. Am Rev.Respir.Dis. 1967;95(4):643-651. View abstract.

di Mario, F., Cavallaro, L. G., Nouvenne, A., Stefani, N., Cavestro, G. M., Iori, V., Maino, M., Comparato, G., Fanigliulo, L., Morana, E., Pilotto, A., Martelli, L., Martelli, M., Leandro, G., and Franze, A. A curcumin-based 1-week triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: something to learn from failure? Helicobacter. 2007;12(3):238-243. View abstract.

Diaz-Sandoval, L. J., Kosowsky, B. D., and Losordo, D. W. Acetylcysteine to prevent angiography-related renal tissue injury (the APART trial). Am J Cardiol. 2-1-2002;89(3):356-358. View abstract.

Dietzsch, H. J., Berger, G., Gottschalk, B., Leupold, W., Mittenzwey, K. W., Rupprecht, E., and Wunderlich, P. [Experiences with oral N-acetyl-cysteine treatment in children suffering from cystic fibrosis (author’s transl)]. Z.Erkr.Atmungsorgane. 1980;155(1):109-113. View abstract.

DiMari, J., Megyesi, J., Udvarhelyi, N., Price, P., Davis, R., and Safirstein, R. N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates ischemic renal failure. Am J Physiol 1997;272(3 Pt 2):F292-F298. View abstract.

Duijvestijn, Y. C. and Brand, P. L. Systematic review of N-acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88(1):38-41. View abstract.

Durham, J. D., Caputo, C., Dokko, J., Zaharakis, T., Pahlavan, M., Keltz, J., Dutka, P., Marzo, K., Maesaka, J. K., and Fishbane, S. A randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast nephropathy in cardiac angiography. Kidney Int 2002;62(6):2202-2207. View abstract.

Efrati, S., Dishy, V., Averbukh, M., Blatt, A., Krakover, R., Weisgarten, J., Morrow, J. D., Stein, M. C., and Golik, A. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on renal function, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress after angiography. Kidney Int 2003;64(6):2182-2187. View abstract.

Ege, T., Eskiocak, S., Edis, M., and Duran, E. The role of N-acetylcysteine in lower extremity ischemia/reperfusions. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2006;47(5):563-568. View abstract.

Eklund, A., Eriksson, O., Hakansson, L., Larsson, K., Ohlsson, K., Venge, P., Bergstrand, H., Bjornson, A., Brattsand, R., Glennow, C., and . Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces selected humoral markers of inflammatory cell activity in BAL fluid from healthy smokers: correlation to effects on cellular variables. Eur.Respir.J 1988;1(9):832-838. View abstract.

El, Mahmoud R., Le, Feuvre C., Le Quan Sang, K. H., Helft, G., Beygui, F., Batisse, J. P., and Metzger, J. P. [Absence of nephro-protective effect of acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure investigated by coronary angiography]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2003;96(12):1157-1161. View abstract.

El-Hamamsy, I., Stevens, L. M., Carrier, M., Pellerin, M., Bouchard, D., Demers, P., Cartier, R., Page, P., and Perrault, L. P. Effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine on outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg 2007;133(1):7-12. View abstract.

Elnashar, A., Fahmy, M., Mansour, A., and Ibrahim, K. N-acetyl cysteine vs. metformin in treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled study. Fertil.Steril. 2007;88(2):406-409. View abstract.

Endo, A. and Watanabe, T. Analysis of protective activity of N-acetylcysteine against teratogenicity of heavy metals. Reprod.Toxicol. 1988;2(2):141-144. View abstract.

Eren, N., Cakir, O., Oruc, A., Kaya, Z., and Erdinc, L. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2003;18(6):345-350. View abstract.

Eylar, E. H., Baez, I., Vazquez, A., and Yamamura, Y. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) enhances interleukin-2 but suppresses interleukin-4 secretion from normal and HIV+ CD4+ T-cells. Cell Mol.Biol (Noisy.-le-grand) 1995;41 Suppl 1:S35-S40. View abstract.

Ferreira, L. F. and Reid, M. B. Muscle-derived ROS and thiol regulation in muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 2008;104(3):853-860. View abstract.

Fischer, U. M., Tossios, P., and Mehlhorn, U. Renal protection by radical scavenging in cardiac surgery patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(8):1161-1164. View abstract.

Fishbane, S. N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(1):281-287. View abstract.

Flescher, E. and Fingrut, O. Suppression of interleukin 2 biosynthesis by three modes of oxidative cellular stress: selective prevention by N-acetyl cysteine. Cytokine 2000;12(5):495-498. View abstract.

Foschino Barbaro, M. P., Serviddio, G., Resta, O., Rollo, T., Tamborra, R., Elisiana, Carpagnano G., Vendemiale, G., and Altomare, E. Oxygen therapy at low flow causes oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevention by N-acetyl cysteine. Free Radic.Res 2005;39(10):1111-1118. View abstract.

Fulghesu, A. M., Ciampelli, M., Muzj, G., Belosi, C., Selvaggi, L., Ayala, G. F., and Lanzone, A. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil.Steril. 2002;77(6):1128-1135. View abstract.

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Ratjen, F., Wonne, R., Posselt, H. G., Stover, B., Hofmann, D., and Bender, S. W. A double-blind placebo controlled trial with oral ambroxol and N-acetylcysteine for mucolytic treatment in cystic fibrosis. Eur.J Pediatr 1985;144(4):374-378. View abstract.

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Recio-Mayoral, A., Chaparro, M., Prado, B., Cozar, R., Mendez, I., Banerjee, D., Kaski, J. C., Cubero, J., and Cruz, J. M. The reno-protective effect of hydration with sodium bicarbonate plus N-acetylcysteine in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention: the RENO Study. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. 3-27-2007;49(12):1283-1288. View abstract.

Redondo, P., Bandres, E., Solano, T., Okroujnov, I., and Garcia-Foncillas, J. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and melanoma. N-acetylcysteine downregulates VEGF production in vitro. Cytokine 2000;12(4):374-378. View abstract.

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Remington, R., Chan, A., Paskavitz, J., and Shea, T. B. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for moderate-stage to later-stage Alzheimer’s disease: a placebo-controlled pilot study. Am.J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. 2009;24(1):27-33. View abstract.

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Ristikankare, A., Kuitunen, T., Kuitunen, A., Uotila, L., Vento, A., Suojaranta-Ylinen, R., Salmenpera, M., and Poyhia, R. Lack of renoprotective effect of i.v. N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(5):611-616. View abstract.

Rivabene, R., Viora, M., Matarrese, P., Rainaldi, G., D’Ambrosio, A., and Malorni, W. N-acetyl-cysteine enhances cell adhesion properties of epithelial and lymphoid cells. Cell Biol.Int. 1995;19(8):681-686. View abstract.

Rizk, A. Y., Bedaiwy, M. A., and Al Inany, H. G. N-acetyl-cysteine is a novel adjuvant to clomiphene citrate in clomiphene citrate-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil.Steril. 2005;83(2):367-370. View abstract.

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Roederer, M., Staal, F. J., Raju, P. A., Ela, S. W., Herzenberg, L. A., and Herzenberg, L. A. Cytokine-stimulated human immunodeficiency virus replication is inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1990;87(12):4884-4888. View abstract.

Roes, E. M., Raijmakers, M. T., Boo, T. M., Zusterzeel, P. L., Merkus, H. M., Peters, W. H., and Steegers, E. A. Oral N-acetylcysteine administration does not stabilise the process of established severe preeclampsia. Eur.J Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol 2006;127(1):61-67. View abstract.

Rogers, D. F. and Jeffery, P. K. Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of cigarette smoke-induced “bronchitis” in the rat. Exp.Lung Res 1986;10(3):267-283. View abstract.

Rogers, D. F., Godfrey, R. W., Majumdar, S., and Jeffery, P. K. Oral N-acetylcysteine speeds reversal of cigarette smoke-induced mucous cell hyperplasia in the rat. Exp.Lung Res 1988;14(1):19-35. View abstract.

Romano, C., Gargani, G. F., Minicucci, L., and Nantron, M. [Controlled clinical study on the activity of a new mucoregulating drug in obstructive bronchial pathology with a marked hypersecretory feature. The pediatric experience]. Minerva Pediatr 2-15-1984;36(3):127-138. View abstract.

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Sadowska, A. M., Keenoy, B., Vertongen, T., Schippers, G., Radomska-Lesniewska, D., Heytens, E., and De Backer, W. A. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on neutrophil activation markers in healthy volunteers: in vivo and in vitro study. Pharmacol Res 2006;53(3):216-225. View abstract.

Safarinejad, M. R. and Safarinejad, S. Efficacy of selenium and/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2009;181(2):741-751. View abstract.

Salahudeen, A., Poovala, V., Parry, W., Pande, R., Kanji, V., Ansari, N., Morrow, J., and Roberts, J. Cisplatin induces N-acetyl cysteine suppressible F2-isoprostane production and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells. J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 1998;9(8):1448-1455. View abstract.

Salom, M. G., Ramirez, P., Carbonell, L. F., Lopez, Conesa E., Cartagena, J., Quesada, T., Parrilla, P., and Fenoy, F. J. Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the renal failure induced by inferior vena cava occlusion. Transplantation 5-27-1998;65(10):1315-1321. View abstract.

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Sandhu, C., Belli, A. M., and Oliveira, D. B. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Cardiovasc.Intervent.Radiol. 2006;29(3):344-347. View abstract.

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Santiago, F. M., Bueno, P., Olmedo, C., Muffak-Granero, K., Comino, A., Serradilla, M., Mansilla, A., Villar, J. M., Garrote, D., and Ferron, J. A. Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on intraoperative plasma levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in liver transplant recipients. Transplant.Proc 2008;40(9):2978-2980. View abstract.

Saricaoglu, F., Dal, D., Salman, A. E., Atay, O. A., Doral, M. N., Salman, M. A., Kilinc, K., and Aypar, U. Effect of low-dose N-acetyl-cysteine infusion on tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in arthroscopic knee surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand 2005;49(6):847-851. View abstract.

Schultz, M. J., Baas, M. C., van der Sluijs, H. P., Stamkot, G. A., and Smit, W. N-acetylcysteine and other preventive measures for contrast-induced nephropathy in the intensive care unit. Curr Med Chem. 2006;13(21):2565-2570. View abstract.

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Sheffner, A. L., Medler, E. M., JACOBS, L. W., and Sarett, H. P. THE IN VITRO REDUCTION IN VISCOSITY OF HUMAN TRACHEOBRONCHIAL SECRETIONS BY ACETYLCYSTEINE. Am Rev.Respir.Dis. 1964;90:721-729. View abstract.

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Shohrati, M., Aslani, J., Eshraghi, M., Alaedini, F., and Ghanei, M. Therapeutics effect of N-acetyl cysteine on mustard gas exposed patients: evaluating clinical aspect in patients with impaired pulmonary function test. Respir.Med 2008;102(3):443-448. View abstract.

Siriwardena, A. K., Mason, J. M., Balachandra, S., Bagul, A., Galloway, S., Formela, L., Hardman, J. G., and Jamdar, S. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous antioxidant (n-acetylcysteine, selenium, vitamin C) therapy in severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2007;56(10):1439-1444. View abstract.

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Soltan-Sharifi, M. S., Mojtahedzadeh, M., Najafi, A., Reza, Khajavi M., Reza, Rouini M., Moradi, M., Mohammadirad, A., and Abdollahi, M. Improvement by N-acetylcysteine of acute respiratory distress syndrome through increasing intracellular glutathione, and extracellular thiol molecules and anti-oxidant power: evidence for underlying toxicological mechanisms. Hum Exp.Toxicol. 2007;26(9):697-703. View abstract.

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Xem thêm : Characteristics and Associations of High-Mitotic-Rate Melanoma

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