What is cardiac ablation?
Cardiac ablation (or catheter ablation) is a minimally invasive treatment for abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Healthcare providers use this procedure to find and treat abnormal tissue in your heart. This can correct your heart rhythm.
A cardiologist (heart specialist) performs a cardiac ablation procedure by inserting a catheter (tube) through a blood vessel to your heart. They use heat (radiofrequency ablation), cold (cryoablation) or short bursts of energy (pulsed field) to create scars in areas where the arrhythmia starts. These scars help block abnormal electrical impulses and prevent abnormal rhythms.
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During heart ablation, you’ll generally receive sedation or possibly general anesthesia. The scars are meant to only affect tissue involved with faulty heart rhythms. They don’t cause any residual pain in your heart or create problems with your heart’s function.
What does cardiac ablation treat?
Cardiac ablation treats most types of fast heart arrhythmias, but it’s not usually the first treatment providers try. Your cardiologist may suggest this procedure if you have an abnormal heart rhythm that medication can’t treat. Your provider will evaluate your heart and overall health to choose the best procedure to treat the arrhythmia that affects you.
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A heart ablation procedure can treat these types of arrhythmias:
- Atrial fibrillation (Afib) and atrial flutter. These cause the upper chambers of your heart (called the atria) to beat irregularly and ineffectively. AFib can cause clots that increase your risk of stroke because the blood becomes stagnant.
- Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). People with SVT experience episodes of fast, irregular heartbeats (up to 300 beats per minute). Your heart can still pump blood normally, but repeated or long-lasting bouts of SVT can damage your heart.
- Ventricular tachycardia (VT). With VT, your lower chambers (ventricles) can start to beat too rapidly. This is a potentially dangerous arrhythmia that can lead to cardiac arrest.
Healthcare providers may also recommend a cardiac ablation procedure if you’re at high risk of:
- Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib): An ineffective and irregular heartbeat that starts in your ventricles (lower heart chambers)
- Sudden cardiac arrest: When your heart stops without warning
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