Talk to your doctor. Most medical-grade compression socks are available by prescription (although those that provide the lowest level of compression can be bought without one) and are manufactured according to standards set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
They won’t prevent or cure a medical condition, and evidence of their effectiveness may be mixed depending on the condition. “We don’t have longitudinal studies to say for sure if they prevent varicose veins or anything else,” Dr. Tonnessen says. But she does prescribe them, along with other nonsurgical therapies, to reduce pain and swelling caused by such conditions as:
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- Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI): This condition, caused by damage in the veins in the legs, can lead to ulcers and serious swelling in the legs, spider veins, and skin color changes. There is high-quality evidence that compression stockings can help heal ulcers and prevent their recurrence.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Compression socks can help with acute edema (swelling) and pain caused by this condition, characterized by one or more blood clots in the legs.
- Varicose veins: Compression socks can reduce swelling and leg fatigue caused by the condition, which is characterized by bulging, enlarged veins.
- Lymphedema: Compression socks can help reduce swelling and prevent attacks of cellulitis (a bacterial skin infection) for people with this condition, in which lymphatic fluid, a protein-rich fluid usually eliminated through the lymphatic system, doesn’t drain properly in the legs. (Women may wear compression sleeves to manage breast cancer-related lymphedema in the arm.)
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In addition, “pregnancy is a great time to wear compression stockings and thigh-high ones in particular,” Dr. Tonnessen says. “There is also evidence that venous disease is more prevalent during pregnancy, and compression stockings are a standard therapy.”
Finally, compression socks can help with recovery from surgery, especially if an operation is done on the leg, knee, or hip, where there will be swelling. “A compression stocking can be particularly helpful for reducing swelling and improving circulation,” Dr. Tonnessen says. “But it’s important to remember that there is a small risk of getting a blood clot after any operation or procedure, so if you’re having exorbitant swelling in one leg and not the other after surgery, your doctors may request an ultrasound to make sure you don’t have a blood clot.”
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