What the Research Says About NAC and Fertility
NAC has been a commonly used supplement for several decades, including for reproductive health and fertility among both men and women.
A 2019 animal study published in PLoS One found that NAC was able to restore the fertility of vitrified-warmed mouse oocytes that were cryopreserved — a common method to preserve fertility and store genetic resources for later use6. But does this translate to human studies?
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A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 910 women with PCOS found that NAC supplementation significantly improved ovulation, pregnancy rates, and live birth rates, versus those who took a placebo7.
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NAC appears to be especially helpful for men experiencing fertility problems. One of the most studied factors in reduced male fertility is the increase in environmental pollutants all around us8. Many of the infertility issues males experience increase when they don’t have enough antioxidants available in their bodies to fight free radicals that influence the reproductive system. When oxidative stress has no boundaries, this can lead to cellular damage and death as well as impaired fertility9.
Furthermore, a condition called varicocele — when scrotal veins become enlarged because of free radical damage — also plays a role in male infertility. But a 2016 study published in the International Journal of Fertility & Sterility found that 600 mg per day of NAC given to 35 men with this condition for three months was effective for semen quality as well as their partner’s pregnancy rate compared to the control group10.
A 2019 randomized controlled trial among 50 infertile men with reduced sperm motility found that 600 mg/day of NAC supplementation for three months significantly improved their sperm count and motility11.
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This is thought to be because infertile men have higher levels of semen-reactive oxygen species than fertile men — which can result in damaged and dysfunctional sperm. Therefore, many of the improvements with NAC are likely due to its antioxidant activity in the body12,13.
Additionally, a 2009 randomized controlled study published in the Journal of Urology found that semen quality improved after 26 weeks of daily supplementation with 600 mg NAC and 200 mcg of selenium14. The authors concluded that they would recommend this as a standard combination to support male infertility treatment.
Finally, there is some evidence that NAC may offer benefits for endometriosis, a painful uterine tissue disorder that can impact fertility. Some studies have found that NAC supplementation could help reduce pain associated with tissue inflammation because of its ability to act as an antioxidant15. More research is needed, but NAC may also be able to help reduce cyst size and high estrogen levels associated with this condition16,17.
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