GARLIC – Uses, Side Effects, and More

Abbruzzese, M. R., Delaha, E. C., and Garagusi, V. F. Absence of antimycobacterial synergism between garlic extract and antituberculosis drugs. Diagn.Microbiol.Infect.Dis. 1987;8(2):79-85. View abstract.

Adachi, A. [Two cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis whose causative allergens are usefully diagnosed by patch test]. Arerugi 2010;59(5):545-551. View abstract.

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Adetumbi, M., Javor, G. T., and Lau, B. H. Allium sativum (garlic) inhibits lipid synthesis by Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;30(3):499-501. View abstract.

Ahmad, M. S., Pischetsrieder, M., and Ahmed, N. Aged garlic extract and S-allyl cysteine prevent formation of advanced glycation endproducts. Eur.J Pharmacol. 4-30-2007;561(1-3):32-38. View abstract.

Ahmadi, N., Tsimikas, S., Hajsadeghi, F., Saeed, A., Nabavi, V., Bevinal, M. A., Kadakia, J., Flores, F., Ebrahimi, R., and Budoff, M. J. Relation of oxidative biomarkers, vascular dysfunction, and progression of coronary artery calcium. Am.J.Cardiol. 2-15-2010;105(4):459-466. View abstract.

Alder, R., Lookinland, S., Berry, J. A., and Williams, M. A systematic review of the effectiveness of garlic as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. J Am Acad.Nurse Pract. 2003;15(3):120-129. View abstract.

Ali, M. and Thomson, M. Consumption of a garlic clove a day could be beneficial in preventing thrombosis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;53(3):211-212. View abstract.

Ali, M. Mechanism by which garlic (Allium sativum) inhibits cyclooxygenase activity. Effect of raw versus boiled garlic extract on the synthesis of prostanoids. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;53(6):397-400. View abstract.

Ambati, S., Yang, J. Y., Rayalam, S., Park, H. J., Della-Fera, M. A., and Baile, C. A. Ajoene exerts potent effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Phytother.Res. 2009;23(4):513-518. View abstract.

Andrianova, I. V., Fomchenkov, I. V., and Orekhov, A. N. [Hypotensive effect of long-acting garlic tablets allicor (a double-blind placebo-controlled trial)]. Ter.Arkh. 2002;74(3):76-78. View abstract.

Andrianova, I. V., Ionova, V. G., Demina, E. G., Shabalina, A. A., Karabasova, IaA, Liutova, L. I., Povorinskaia, T. E., and Orekhov, A. N. [Use of allikor for the normalization of fibrinolysis and hemostasis in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases]. Klin.Med (Mosk) 2001;79(11):55-58. View abstract.

Andrianova, I. V., Sobenin, I. A., Sereda, E. V., Borodina, L. I., and Studenikin, M. I. [Effect of long-acting garlic tablets “allicor” on the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in children]. Ter.Arkh. 2003;75(3):53-56. View abstract.

Anim-Nyame, N., Sooranna, S. R., Johnson, M. R., Gamble, J., and Steer, P. J. Garlic supplementation increases peripheral blood flow: a role for interleukin-6? J Nutr.Biochem. 2004;15(1):30-36. View abstract.

anonymous. Garlic in cryptococcal meningitis: a preliminary report of 21 cases. Chin Med J (Engl.) 1980;93(2):123-126. View abstract.

Anthony, J. P., Fyfe, L., and Smith, H. Plant active components – a resource for antiparasitic agents? Trends Parasitol. 2005;21(10):462-468. View abstract.

Apitz-Castro, R., Escalante, J., Vargas, R., and Jain, M. K. Ajoene, the antiplatelet principle of garlic, synergistically potentiates the antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin, forskolin, indomethacin and dypiridamole on human platelets. Thromb.Res 5-1-1986;42(3):303-311. View abstract.

Ashraf, M. Z., Hussain, M. E., and Fahim, M. Endothelium mediated vasorelaxant response of garlic in isolated rat aorta: role of nitric oxide. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;90(1):5-9. View abstract.

Ashraf, R., Aamir, K., Shaikh, A. R., and Ahmed, T. Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub.Med Coll.Abbottabad. 2005;17(3):60-64. View abstract.

Ashraf, R., Khan, R. A., and Ashraf, I. Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Pak.J.Pharm.Sci. 2011;24(4):565-570. View abstract.

Augusti, K. T. and Sheela, C. G. Antiperoxide effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, an insulin secretagogue, in diabetic rats. Experientia 2-15-1996;52(2):115-120. View abstract.

Avci, A., Atli, T., Erguder, I. B., Varli, M., Devrim, E., Aras, S., and Durak, I. Effects of garlic consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in elderly subjects. Gerontology 2008;54(3):173-176. View abstract.

Ayala-Zavala, J. F., Gonzalez-Aguilar, G. A., and Toro-Sanchez, L. Enhancing safety and aroma appealing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables using the antimicrobial and aromatic power of essential oils. J Food Sci 2009;74(7):R84-R91. View abstract.

Bagga, S., Thomas, B. S., and Bhat, M. Garlic burn as self-inflicted mucosal injury-a case report and review of the literature. Quintessence.Int. 2008;39(6):491-494. View abstract.

Bakhshi, M., Taheri, J. B., Shabestari, S. B., Tanik, A., and Pahlevan, R. Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e680-e684. View abstract.

Bakri, I. M. and Douglas, C. W. Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 2005;50(7):645-651. View abstract.

Balasenthil, S., Ramachandran, C. R., and Nagini, S. Prevention of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis by garlic. Fitoterapia 2001;72(5):524-531. View abstract.

Balasenthil, S., Rao, K. S., and Nagini, S. Retinoic acid receptor-beta mRNA expression during chemoprevention of hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by garlic. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. 2003;12(2):215-218. View abstract.

Baluchnejadmojarad, T. and Roghani, M. Endothelium-dependent and -independent effect of aqueous extract of garlic on vascular reactivity on diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 2003;74(7-8):630-637. View abstract.

Baluchnejadmojarad, T., Roghani, M., Homayounfar, H., and Hosseini, M. Beneficial effect of aqueous garlic extract on the vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(1):139-144. View abstract.

Banerjee, S. K., Dinda, A. K., Manchanda, S. C., and Maulik, S. K. Chronic garlic administration protects rat heart against oxidative stress induced by ischemic reperfusion injury. BMC.Pharmacol. 8-16-2002;2:16. View abstract.

Barrie SA, Wright JV, and Pizzorno JE. Effects of garlic oil on platelet aggregation, serum lipids and blood pressure in humans. J Orthomolec Med 1987;2(1):15-21.

Baruchin, A. M., Sagi, A., Yoffe, B., and Ronen, M. Garlic burns. Burns 2001;27(7):781-782. View abstract.

Belman, S. Onion and garlic oils inhibit tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 1983;4(8):1063-1065. View abstract.

Berspalov, V. G., Shcherbakov, A. M., Kalinovskii, V. P., Novik, V. I., Chepik, O. F., Aleksandrov, V. A., Sobenin, I. A., and Orekhov, A. N. [Study of the antioxidant drug “Karinat” in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis]. Vopr.Onkol. 2004;50(1):81-85. View abstract.

Bespalov, V. G., Barash, N. I., Ivanova, O. A., Krzhivitskii, P. I., Semiglazov, V. F., Aleksandrov, V. A., Sobenin, N. A., and Orekhov, A. N. [Study of an antioxidant dietary supplement “Karinat” in patients with benign breast disease]. Vopr.Onkol. 2004;50(4):467-472. View abstract.

Bhushan, S., Sharma, S. P., Singh, S. P., Agrawal, S., Indrayan, A., and Seth, P. Effect of garlic on normal blood cholesterol level. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1979;23(3):211-214. View abstract.

Bhuvaneswari, V., Abraham, S. K., and Nagini, S. Combinatorial antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic effects of tomato and garlic through modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Nutrition 2005;21(6):726-731. View abstract.

Bimmermann A, Weingart K, and Schwartzkopff W. Allium sativum: Studie zur Wirksamkeit bei Hyperlipoproteinamie. Therapiewoche 1988;38:3885-3890.

Bleumink, E. and Nater, J. P. Contact dermatitis to garlic; crossreactivity between garlic, onion and tulip. Arch.Dermatol.Forsch 8-15-1973;247(2):117-124. View abstract.

Bleumink, E., Doeglas, H. M., Klokke, A. H., and Nater, J. P. Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic. Br.J Dermatol. 1972;87(1):6-9. View abstract.

Bojs, G. and Svensson, A. Contact allergy to garlic used for wound healing. Contact Dermatitis 1988;18(3):179-181. View abstract.

Bordel-Gomez, M. T. and Miranda-Romero, A. Sensitivity to diallyl disulfide in a Spanish population. Contact Dermatitis 2008;59(2):125-126. View abstract.

Bordia A. [Garlic and coronary heart disease. Results of a 3-year treatment with garlic extract on the reinfarction and mortality rate]. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 1989;129(28 suppl 15):16-17.

Bordia A. Knoblauch und koronare Herzkrankheit: Wirkungen einer dreijahrigen Behandlung min Knoblauchextrakt auf die Reinfarkt und Mortalitatsrate. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 1989;129(suppl 15):1-25.

Bordia, A. Effect of garlic on blood lipids in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(10):2100-2103. View abstract.

Bordia, A. K., Joshi, H. K., Sanadhya, Y. K., and Bhu, N. Effect of essential oil of garlic on serum fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1977;28(2):155-159. View abstract.

Bordia, A., Bansal, H. C., Arora, S. K., and Singh, S. V. Effect of the essential oils of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. Atherosclerosis 1975;21(1):15-19. View abstract.

Bordia, A., Verma, S. K., and Srivastava, K. C. Effect of garlic on platelet aggregation in humans: a study in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996;55(3):201-205. View abstract.

Bordia, T., Mohammed, N., Thomson, M., and Ali, M. An evaluation of garlic and onion as antithrombotic agents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996;54(3):183-186. View abstract.

Bottone, F. G., Jr., Baek, S. J., Nixon, J. B., and Eling, T. E. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) induces the antitumorigenic NSAID-activated gene (NAG-1) by a p53-dependent mechanism in human colorectal HCT 116 cells. J Nutr. 2002;132(4):773-778. View abstract.

Bradley R, Endres J, Hockenberry D, and et al. Investigation of garlic-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines [poster presentation]. International Scientific Conference on Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine Research, Boston, MA, 2002.

Brosche, T. and Platt, D. [Garlic as phytogenic antilipemic agent. Recent studies with a standardized dry garlic powder substance]. Fortschr.Med 12-20-1990;108(36):703-706. View abstract.

Brosche, T., Platt, D., and Dorner, H. The effect of a garlic preparation on the composition of plasma lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes in geriatric subjects. Br.J Clin Pract.Suppl 1990;69:12-19. View abstract.

Budoff, M. J., Takasu, J., Flores, F. R., Niihara, Y., Lu, B., Lau, B. H., Rosen, R. T., and Amagase, H. Inhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary study. Prev.Med 2004;39(5):985-991. View abstract.

Buhshan S, Sharma SP, Singh SP, and et al. Effect of garlic on normal blood cholesterol level. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1979;23:211-214.

Buiatti, E., Palli, D., Decarli, A., Amadori, D., Avellini, C., Bianchi, S., Biserni, R., Cipriani, F., Cocco, P., Giacosa, A., and . A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy. Int J Cancer 10-15-1989;44(4):611-616. View abstract.

Byrne, D. J., Neil, H. A., Vallance, D. T., and Winder, A. F. A pilot study of garlic consumption shows no significant effect on markers of oxidation or sub-fraction composition of low-density lipoprotein including lipoprotein(a) after allowance for non-compliance and the placebo effect. Clin Chim.Acta 1999;285(1-2):21-33. View abstract.

Campbell, J. H., Efendy, J. L., Smith, N. J., and Campbell, G. R. Molecular basis by which garlic suppresses atherosclerosis. J Nutr 2001;131(3s):1006S-1009S. View abstract.

Campos, R., Amato, Neto, V, Castanho, R. E., Moreira, A. A., and Pinto, P. L. [Treatment of ascaridiasis with garlic (Allium sativum)]. Rev Hosp.Clin Fac.Med Sao Paulo 1990;45(5):213-215. View abstract.

Canduela, V., Mongil, I., Carrascosa, M., Docio, S., and Cagigas, P. Garlic: always good for the health? Br J Dermatol. 1995;132(1):161-162. View abstract.

Caporaso, N., Smith, S. M., and Eng, R. H. Antifungal activity in human urine and serum after ingestion of garlic (Allium sativum). Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 1983;23(5):700-702. View abstract.

Capraz, M., Dilek, M., and Akpolat, T. Garlic, hypertension and patient education. Int.J Cardiol. 9-14-2007;121(1):130-131. View abstract.

Challier, B., Perarnau, J. M., and Viel, J. F. Garlic, onion and cereal fibre as protective factors for breast cancer: a French case-control study. Eur.J Epidemiol. 1998;14(8):737-747. View abstract.

Chauhan, N. B. and Sandoval, J. Amelioration of early cognitive deficits by aged garlic extract in Alzheimer’s transgenic mice. Phytother.Res. 2007;21(7):629-640. View abstract.

Chauhan, N. B. Effect of aged garlic extract on APP processing and tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s transgenic model Tg2576. J Ethnopharmacol. 12-6-2006;108(3):385-394. View abstract.

Chavan, S. D., Shetty, N. L., and Kanuri, M. Comparative evaluation of garlic extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans count – an in vitro study. Oral Health Prev.Dent. 2010;8(4):369-374. View abstract.

Chu, Q., Lee, D. T., Tsao, S. W., Wang, X., and Wong, Y. C. S-allylcysteine, a water-soluble garlic derivative, suppresses the growth of a human androgen-independent prostate cancer xenograft, CWR22R, under in vivo conditions. BJU.Int. 2007;99(4):925-932. View abstract.

Chu, T. C., Han, P., Han, G., and Potter, D. E. Intraocular pressure lowering by S-allylmercaptocysteine in rabbits. J Ocul.Pharmacol.Ther 1999;15(1):9-17. View abstract.

Cohain, J. S. Long-term symptomatic group B streptococcal vulvovaginitis: eight cases resolved with freshly cut garlic. Eur.J Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2009;146(1):110-111. View abstract.

Cook-Mozaffari, P. J., Azordegan, F., Day, N. E., Ressicaud, A., Sabai, C., and Aramesh, B. Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: results of a case-control study. Br.J Cancer 1979;39(3):293-309. View abstract.

Coppi, A., Cabinian, M., Mirelman, D., and Sinnis, P. Antimalarial activity of allicin, a biologically active compound from garlic cloves. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2006;50(5):1731-1737. View abstract.

Czerny B and Samochowiec J. Klinische Untersuchungen mit einem Knoblauch-Lezithin-Präparat. Arztezeitschr Naturheilverf 1996;37:126-129.

Das, I., Khan, N. S., and Sooranna, S. R. Potent activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic: a basis for its therapeutic applications. Curr.Med Res Opin. 1995;13(5):257-263. View abstract.

Das, I., Patel, S., and Sooranna, S. R. Effects of aspirin and garlic on cyclooxygenase-induced chemiluminescence in human term placenta. Biochem Soc.Trans. 1997;25(1):99S. View abstract.

Davis LE, Shen J, and Royer RE. In vitro synergism of concentrated allium sativum extract and amphotericin B against cryptococcus neoformans. Planta Med 1994;60:546-549.

Davis, L. E., Shen, J. K., and Cai, Y. Antifungal activity in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after intravenous administration of Allium sativum. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 1990;34(4):651-653. View abstract.

Davis, S. R., Perrie, R., and Apitz-Castro, R. The in vitro susceptibility of Scedosporium prolificans to ajoene, allitridium and a raw extract of garlic (Allium sativum). J Antimicrob.Chemother. 2003;51(3):593-597. View abstract.

de Rooij, B. M., Boogaard, P. J., Rijksen, D. A., Commandeur, J. N., and Vermeulen, N. P. Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine upon garlic consumption by human volunteers. Arch.Toxicol 1996;70(10):635-639. View abstract.

de Santos AO and Jones RA. Effects of garlic powder and garlic oil preparations on blood lipids, blood pressure and well-being. Br J Clin Res 1995;6:91-100.

De Santos O and Grunwald J. Effect of garlic powder tablets on blood lipids and blood pressure: a six month placebo controlled double blind study. Br J Clin Res 1993;4:37-44.

De, B. K., Dutta, D., Pal, S. K., Gangopadhyay, S., Das, Baksi S., and Pani, A. The role of garlic in hepatopulmonary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Can.J.Gastroenterol. 2010;24(3):183-188. View abstract.

Delaha, E. C. and Garagusi, V. F. Inhibition of mycobacteria by garlic extract (Allium sativum). Antimicrob.Agents Chemother 1985;27(4):485-486. View abstract.

Delaney, T. A. and Donnelly, A. M. Garlic dermatitis. Austr J Dermatol 1996;37(2):109-110. View abstract.

Demirkaya, E., Avci, A., Kesik, V., Karslioglu, Y., Oztas, E., Kismet, E., Gokcay, E., Durak, I., and Koseoglu, V. Cardioprotective roles of aged garlic extract, grape seed proanthocyanidin, and hazelnut on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;87(8):633-640. View abstract.

Deshpande, R. G., Khan, M. B., Bhat, D. A., and Navalkar, R. G. Inhibition of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from AIDS patients by garlic (Allium sativum). J Antimicrob.Chemother. 1993;32(4):623-626. View abstract.

Dhawan, V. and Jain, S. Effect of garlic supplementation on oxidized low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in patients of essential hypertension. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2004;266(1-2):109-115. View abstract.

Dillon, S. A., Burmi, R. S., Lowe, G. M., Billington, D., and Rahman, K. Antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract: an in vitro study incorporating human low density lipoprotein. Life Sci. 2-21-2003;72(14):1583-1594. View abstract.

Dillon, S. A., Lowe, G. M., Billington, D., and Rahman, K. Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract reduces plasma and urine concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha) in smoking and nonsmoking men and women. J Nutr. 2002;132(2):168-171. View abstract.

Dirsch VM, Kiemer AK, Wagner H, and et al. Effect of allicin and ajoene, two compounds of garlic, on inducible nitric oxide synthase. Atherosclerosis 1998;139:333-339.

Dirsch, V. M., Gerbes, A. L., and Vollmar, A. M. Ajoene, a compound of garlic, induces apoptosis in human promyeloleukemic cells, accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of nuclear factor kappaB. Mol.Pharmacol 1998;53(3):402-407. View abstract.

Dixit, V. P. and Joshi, S. Effects of chronic administration of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on testicular function. Indian J Exp Biol 1982;20(7):534-536. View abstract.

Dorant, E., van den Brandt, P. A., Goldbohm, R. A., and Sturmans, F. Consumption of onions and a reduced risk of stomach carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1996;110(1):12-20. View abstract.

Dunstan, J. A., Breckler, L., Hale, J., Lehmann, H., Franklin, P., Lyons, G., Ching, S. Y., Mori, T. A., Barden, A., and Prescott, S. L. Supplementation with vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and selenium has no effect on anti-oxidant status and immune responses in allergic adults: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp.Allergy 2007;37(2):180-187. View abstract.

Durak I, Yilmaz E Devrim E Perk H Kacmaz. Consumption of aqueous garlic extract leads to significant improvement in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer . Nutr Res 2003;23:199-204.

Durak, I., Kavutcu, M., Aytac, B., Avci, A., Devrim, E., Ozbek, H., and Ozturk, H. S. Effects of garlic extract consumption on blood lipid and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in humans with high blood cholesterol. J Nutr.Biochem. 2004;15(6):373-377. View abstract.

Dwivedi, C., John, L. M., Schmidt, D. S., and Engineer, F. N. Effects of oil-soluble organosulfur compounds from garlic on doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation. Anticancer Drugs 1998;9(3):291-294. View abstract.

Dwivedi, C., Rohlfs, S., Jarvis, D., and Engineer, F. N. Chemoprevention of chemically induced skin tumor development by diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide. Pharm.Res 1992;9(12):1668-1670. View abstract.

Edelstein AJ and Johnstown PA. Dermatitis caused by garlic. Arch Dermatol 1950;61:111.

Egen-Schwind C, Eckard R, Jekat FW, and et al. Pharmacokinetics of vinyldithiins, transformation products of allicin. Planta Med 1992;58:8-13.

Eguchi, A., Murakami, A., and Ohigashi, H. Novel bioassay system for evaluating anti-oxidative activities of food items: use of basolateral media from differentiated Caco-2 cells. Free Radic.Res. 2005;39(12):1367-1375. View abstract.

Ejaz, S., Chekarova, I., Cho, J. W., Lee, S. Y., Ashraf, S., and Lim, C. W. Effect of aged garlic extract on wound healing: a new frontier in wound management. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 2009;32(3):191-203. View abstract.

Ekeowa-Anderson, A. L., Shergill, B., and Goldsmith, P. Allergic contact cheilitis to garlic. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(3):174-175. View abstract.

El Beshbishy, H. A. Aqueous garlic extract attenuates hepatitis and oxidative stress induced by galactosamine/lipoploysaccharide in rats. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(10):1372-1379. View abstract.

Eming, S. A., Piontek, J. O., Hunzelmann, N., Rasokat, H., and Scharffetter-Kachanek, K. Severe toxic contact dermatitis caused by garlic. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141(2):391-392. View abstract.

Ernst E. Can allium vegetables prevent cancer? Phytomedicine 1997;4(1):79-83.

Ernst, E. Complementary/alternative medicine for hypertension: a mini-review. Wien.Med Wochenschr. 2005;155(17-18):386-391. View abstract.

Fani, M. M., Kohanteb, J., and Dayaghi, M. Inhibitory activity of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on multidrug-resistant Streptococcus mutans. J Indian Soc.Pedod.Prev.Dent. 2007;25(4):164-168. View abstract.

Farrell, A. M. and Staughton, R. C. Garlic burns mimicking herpes zoster. Lancet 4-27-1996;347(9009):1195. View abstract.

Fedder, S. L. Spinal epidural hematoma and garlic ingestion. Neurosurgery 1990;27(4):659. View abstract.

Feldberg, R. S., Chang, S. C., Kotik, A. N., Nadler, M., Neuwirth, Z., Sundstrom, D. C., and Thompson, N. H. In vitro mechanism of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by allicin. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother 1988;32(12):1763-1768. View abstract.

Filobbos, G., Chapman, T., and Gesakis, K. Iatrogenic burns from garlic. J.Burn Care Res. 2012;33(1):e21. View abstract.

Fleischer S, Bayerl C, and Jung EG. [Occupational allergic hand dermatitis to garlic in a pizza baker]. Aktuelle Dermatol 1996;22:278-279.

Friedman, T., Shalom, A., and Westreich, M. Self-inflicted garlic burns: our experience and literature review. Int.J Dermatol. 2006;45(10):1161-1163. View abstract.

Gaddoni G, Selvi M, Resta F, and et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic in a cook. Ann Ital Dermatol Clin Sperimentale 1994;48:120-121.

Gail M, You WC, Chang YS, and et al. Factorial trial of three interventions to reduce the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in Shandong, China: Design issues and initial data. Controlled Clin Trials 1998;19:352-369.

Gail, M. H. and You, W. C. A factorial trial including garlic supplements assesses effect in reducing precancerous gastric lesions. J Nutr. 2006;136(3 Suppl):813S-815S. View abstract.

Galduroz, J. C., Antunes, H. K., and Santos, R. F. Gender- and age-related variations in blood viscosity in normal volunteers: a study of the effects of extract of Allium sativum and Ginkgo biloba. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(7-8):447-451. View abstract.

Gallwitz, H., Bonse, S., Martinez-Cruz, A., Schlichting, I., Schumacher, K., and Krauth-Siegel, R. L. Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studies. J Med Chem. 2-11-1999;42(3):364-372. View abstract.

Gamboa-Leon, M. R., Aranda-Gonzalez, I., Mut-Martin, M., Garcia-Miss, M. R., and Dumonteil, E. In vivo and in vitro control of Leishmania mexicana due to garlic-induced NO production. Scand.J Immunol. 2007;66(5):508-514. View abstract.

Gao YT, McLaughlin JK, and Gridley G. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. Role of diet and nutrients. Int J Cancer 1994;58:197-202.

Gao, C. M., Takezaki, T., Ding, J. H., Li, M. S., and Tajima, K. Protective effect of allium vegetables against both esophageal and stomach cancer: a simultaneous case-referent study of a high-epidemic area in Jiangsu Province, China. Jpn.J Cancer Res 1999;90(6):614-621. View abstract.

Garcia-Anoveros, J. and Nagata, K. TRPA1. Handb.Exp.Pharmacol. 2007;(179):347-362. View abstract.

Gardner CD, Chatterjee L, and Carlson J. Effect of garlic supplementation on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic men and women. Circulation 1999;99(8):1123.

Gebhardt R, Beck H, and Wagner K. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by allicin and ajoene in rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1213(1):57-62.

Germain, E., Auger, J., Ginies, C., Siess, M. H., and Teyssier, C. In vivo metabolism of diallyl disulphide in the rat: identification of two new metabolites. Xenobiotica 2002;32(12):1127-1138. View abstract.

German, K., Kumar, U., and Blackford, H. N. Garlic and the risk of TURP bleeding. Br J Urol 1995;76(4):518. View abstract.

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Xem thêm : Prader-Willi syndrome

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