How to resolve the git error "fatal cannot do a partial commit during a merge"

When you encounter the git error message “fatal: cannot do a partial commit during a merge,” it typically means that Git is preventing you from making a commit because all conflicts resulting from a merge must be resolved first. This guide will walk you through understanding and resolving this error, ensuring a smooth merge process in your Git workflow.

Understanding the error

The error “fatal: cannot do a partial commit during a merge” occurs during a merge operation in Git when trying to commit only a subset of changes. Git requires that all merge conflicts be fully resolved and added to the staging area before a commit can be completed. This is because a merge commit should represent a fully resolved state of the merging branches.

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You may see this during a conflicted merge. This happens when you’ve initiated a merge that resulted in conflicts. Instead of adding all resolved files to the staging area, you attempt to commit only some of them.

Step-by-step solution

Step 1: Check for unresolved conflicts

First, identify if there are any unresolved conflicts in your repository:

This command will list files that have conflicts. Files marked as “unmerged” need your attention.

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Step 2: Resolve the conflicts

Open each conflicted file and make the necessary changes to resolve the conflicts. Conflicts are typically marked within the file by conflict markers (<<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>>). Remove these markers after resolving the differences.

For a more detailed walkthrough see this guide on resolving merge conflicts in Git.

Step 3: Add the resolved files to the staging area

Once you resolve all conflicts in a file, add it to the staging area:

Repeat this for all resolved files. It’s crucial to add all files that were part of the conflict resolution, not just a subset.

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Step 4: Verify all conflicts are resolved

Before committing, ensure all conflicts are resolved and added:

If all files are staged (and no files are listed as unmerged), you’re ready to proceed.

Step 5: Commit the merge

Now, complete the merge commit by committing the changes:

This will open an editor to enter a commit message for the merge. Save and close the editor to finalize the commit.

Additional tips

• Consistency in conflict resolution: Ensure that all team members resolve conflicts in a consistent manner to avoid reintroducing errors during merges.
• Regularly pulling changes: Frequently pulling changes from the remote repository can help reduce the complexity and number of conflicts during merges.

For further reading see the official Git documentation.

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