Sore Throat and Headache

What tests will I need?

Most of the time, your healthcare provider will diagnose you based on your symptoms and a physical exam. You may need a throat swab to diagnose strep throat. Your healthcare provider uses a stick with a cotton swab at the end to take a throat sample. They analyze the sample for bacteria to see if you have an infection.

You may need other tests, such as a blood test or imaging scans, to rule out other infections.

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What causes headache and sore throat?

Many conditions can cause you to get both a headache and sore throat. You could have both of these discomforts due to a:

Viral infection, such as:

• Common cold and other upper respiratory infections.
• Flu.
• Mononucleosis.

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Bacterial infection, including:

• Bacterial meningitis.
• Strep throat.

Other conditions, such as:

• Allergies, which may also cause watery, itchy eyes and sneezing.
• Tonsillitis, when tonsils become inflamed due to bacteria or a virus.
• Peritonsillar abscess, a complication of tonsillitis.

Rarely, your headache and sore throat may be from:

• Early signs of HIV infection.
• Head and neck cancer.
• Lemierre’s syndrome, a life-threatening complication of a bacterial throat infection.
• Secondary stage of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection.

Is my sore throat and headache due to a viral or a bacterial infection?

If you have both a headache and sore throat, it could be a viral or bacterial infection. They have similar symptoms.

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If you have a runny nose, cough and hoarse voice, you most likely have a viral rather than bacterial infection. There are no medications to treat viral infections. The virus will go away on its own. You usually feel better in about a week.

If it’s bacterial, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics, such as penicillin.

What are the symptoms of sore throat and headache?

When you have a sore throat, you may have:

• Pain or scratchiness in your throat.
• Pain that’s worse when you speak or swallow.
• Hoarse voice.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck (you may be able to feel small lumps on the side of your neck).
• Red or swollen tonsils with white spots on them.

Your headache symptoms may include pain that:

• Comes on slowly.
• Feels dull and aching.
• Affects both sides of your head.

It’s also not unusual to have fatigue with sore throat and headache. Fatigue, chills and muscle aches are all symptoms of viral and bacterial infections.

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