Benefits of Water/Methanol Injection

Some companies such as Snow Performance and AEM are now offering easy to install water/methanol injections systems that are available for naturally aspirated or forced induction gasoline and diesel applications. These systems inject a roughly 50/50 mixture of methanol and water into the engine using a high-pressure pump. This mixture allows for more ignition timing, increases boost capability in supercharged or turbocharged applications, lowers air intake temperature, and provides an additional source of very high-octane fuel – all without increasing the chance of damaging detonation. ?

How it Works?

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The secret to water/methanol injection lies in its key ingredients. Methanol is a high octane fuel that is also extremely resistant to detonation. It has a tendency to absorb heat out of the air – something known as “latent heat of vaporization.” The water also absorbs heat and provides a further cooling effect as the finely atomized water/methanol mix is pumped into the engine. The cooler, denser intake charge reduces the chances of detonation even as the high-octane methanol boosts power.

What are the benefits of water/methanol injection? ?

1) More power: the high-octane properties of methanol, along with air cooling properties of the methanol and water, help water/methanol systems produce more power. In addition, the cooler intake temperatures allow you to run more aggressive timing and/or boost (forced induction applications) without increasing the chance of detonation.

2) Reduced chance of detonation: the lower intake charge temperatures created by the methanol and water mean less chance for engine-damaging detonation.

3) Low cost: water/methanol systems start around $300.

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4) More economical for the street: water/methanol is a less expensive high-octane alternative to pure race gas for guys running high compression engines on the street.

5) Built-in engine maintenance: in some cases, the atomized water effectively steam cleans the valves, valve seats, and even the piston tops and intake, reducing carbon buildup. ?

Why is methanol used? ?

Methanol is a very high-octane fuel that is extremely resistant to detonation. Its high latent heat of vaporization also makes it an excellent air charge cooler that means a denser mixture and more horsepower. Because of these characteristics, it suppresses detonation more effectively than ethanol or iso-propanol.?

What type of power gains can you expect? ?

Depending on the system, timing can often be advanced 10 or more degrees when a water/methanol system is used. Boost can often be increased five or more psi. When combined with the cooler air intake charge created by the water and methanol, these changes can net a horsepower increase of up to 20 percent in power-adder applications. In naturally aspirated applications, horsepower gains of 5-10 percent are possible.?

Do these systems work on naturally aspirated engines? ?

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Snow Performance makes a water/methanol injection system for carbureted and fuel injected naturally-aspirated applications. With stock compression engines (10:1 compression or less), Snow Performance says you gain up to 15 horsepower with full timing and achieve more effective air/fuel ratios and increase gas mileage. In naturally aspirated high compression engines, Snow Performance’s water/methanol injection system allows the use of pump fuel in most situations, making it a more budget-friendly alternative to race gas. Plus, the colder, denser intake charge delivers more horsepower and allows for higher timing advances. ?

What ratio of water/methanol is recommended?

A 50/50 ratio is recommended, although ratios of anywhere from 30 percent to 50 percent methanol work well and deliver excellent octane gains and cooling. The 50/50 ratio has been demonstrated to be the best for charge/air cooling, excellent detonation control, and safety. It should be noted that methanol is easy to ignite and burns with a nearly invisible flame. For that reason, any ratio that far exceeds the recommended 50/50 ratio can be hazardous.?

Is an intercooler necessary?

50/50 water/methanol will provide all the density increase/detonation control needed to handle up to 30 psig of boost. However, an intercooler and water/methanol injection together would provide even greater benefits, especially beyond 30 psig of boost.

How long will a tank of water/methanol last??

This depends on a few variables such as horsepower, injection system, settings and driving style. However, Snow Performance says its 3-quart tank will typically last around a tank of gasoline in most engines in the 200-500 horsepower range. Most systems, including those from Snow Performance and AEM, include some sort of fail-safe device that reduces boost or adjusts timing curves in case the flow of water/methanol is exhausted or suddenly drops.

-Tech Tip courtesy of Summit Racing

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