Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

What are the symptoms of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Symptoms of CHS typically come on several years after the start of chronic marijuana use. But not everyone who uses marijuana long-term experiences CHS.

Common symptoms of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome include:

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• Persistent nausea — often in the morning.
• Repeated vomiting and retching (making the sound and movement of vomiting). This can happen up to five times an hour.
• Intense abdominal discomfort or pain.
• Fear of throwing up.
• Loss of appetite.

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Hot baths and showers tend to help reduce or curb the symptoms. Many people with CHS will compulsively shower or bathe — often for hours every day — to relieve CHS symptoms.

Symptoms of CHS and their severity depend on the phase of the syndrome:

• Prodromal phase: This phase is most common in adults who have used cannabis since they were teenagers. You may have abdominal pain or morning nausea. You may also fear throwing up but never actually vomit. This phase can last for months or years.
• Hyperemetic phase: This is the characteristic phase of CHS. It usually lasts 24 to 48 hours and involves overwhelming, recurrent vomiting and nausea. You may start compulsively bathing and avoid certain foods or purposefully restrict your food intake.
• Recovery phase: During recovery, you stop using cannabis (even in small amounts). When you’re in the recovery phase, symptoms lessen over a few days or months. Eventually, they completely disappear.

What is scromiting?

Some people call certain symptoms of CHS “scromiting.” The term combines “vomiting” and “screaming.” You may have intense pain, which causes you to scream while you vomit.

What causes cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

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Scientists don’t yet know the exact cause of CHS. But the main theory is that it may happen due to long-term overstimulation of receptors in your endocannabinoid system (ECS). This may lead to issues with your body’s natural control of nausea and vomiting.

What are the risk factors for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

People who use marijuana long-term — typically for about 10 to 12 years — are at risk of developing CHS. But not every person who uses marijuana, even long-term use, develops CHS.

It tends to affect people who use cannabis at least once a week and happens more often in adults who’ve been using cannabis since their adolescent years.

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